Gender and Labour Law: Protecting Women’s Rights in the Digital Era in Indonesia and Malaysia
Kata Kunci:
Labor Law, Women Workers, Gig Economy, Gender Equality, Social ProtectionAbstrak
The digital transformation has created both opportunities and challenges for women workers, particularly in the gig economy sector. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of labor policies in Indonesia and Malaysia in protecting the rights of women workers in the digital era, and to formulate gender-responsive policy recommendations. The research employs a normative and comparative legal method, with content analysis of labor legislation, national policies, and reports from international organizations, using the Feminist Legal Theory, Social Justice Theory, and Digital Labour and Precarity Theory as analytical frameworks. The findings reveal that neither country has developed regulations fully adaptive to the characteristics of digital work. Indonesia remains weak in defining the employment status of gig workers, while Malaysia has introduced the Self-Employment Social Security Act 2017 but with limited sectoral coverage. Gender perspectives are insufficiently integrated, leaving women workers vulnerable to job insecurity, minimal social protection, and a double burden of domestic and professional responsibilities. Legal reform is needed through the redefinition of employment status, expansion of mandatory social protection schemes, and the implementation of gender impact assessments in all digital labor regulations. These findings offer practical contributions for policymakers and enrich comparative scholarship on the protection of women workers in the rapidly evolving digital economy.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Robi'atul Adawiyah, Nuraida Fitri Habi (Author)
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