Analisis Yuridis Normatif Efektivitas Konvensi Kecerdasan Buatan terhadap Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia
Kata Kunci:
Kecerdasan Buatan, Hak Asasi Manusia, Konvensi AI, Tata Kelola Global, Yuridis NormatifAbstrak
Perkembangan kecerdasan buatan telah membawa dampak signifikan terhadap berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia, termasuk dalam konteks perlindungan hak asasi manusia (HAM). Meskipun teknologi ini menawarkan efisiensi dan inovasi, penggunaannya juga menimbulkan risiko serius seperti pelanggaran privasi, diskriminasi algoritmik, dan disinformasi. Dalam merespons tantangan tersebut, komunitas internasional mengembangkan Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law sebagai instrumen hukum global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas konvensi tersebut dalam melindungi HAM melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan. Bahan hukum diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan terhadap instrumen hukum internasional, literatur akademik terindeks, serta dokumen kebijakan terkait kecerdasan buatan. Analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menelaah kesesuaian antara norma hukum dan realitas implementasi dalam tata kelola global kecerdasan buatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif konvensi ini memiliki kekuatan dalam mengintegrasikan prinsip-prinsip HAM melalui pendekatan berbasis risiko dan pengaturan siklus hidup teknologi. Namun, dalam praktik global, efektivitasnya masih terbatas akibat lemahnya mekanisme penegakan, sifat soft law, fragmentasi regulasi, serta kesenjangan kapasitas antarnegara. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan rekonstruksi normatif melalui penguatan daya ikat hukum, mekanisme penegakan, harmonisasi regulasi global, serta penerapan prinsip human rights by design dalam pengembangan teknologi. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi akademik dalam pengembangan kerangka hukum internasional yang lebih adaptif dan responsif terhadap dinamika kecerdasan buatan, serta menawarkan rekomendasi strategis untuk memperkuat tata kelola global yang berorientasi pada perlindungan hak asasi manusia.
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